tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-71721318547669244912024-03-05T11:02:29.888-08:00sympathectomy affects the brain"Sympathectomy is a technique about which we have limited knowledge, applied to disorders about which we have little understanding." Associate Professor Robert Boas, Faculty of Pain Medicine of the Australasian College of Anaesthetists and the Royal College of Anaesthetists
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger398125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-78067824101628701112015-11-21T02:50:00.002-08:002015-11-21T02:50:10.500-08:00Our results show that [3H]substance P binding in the intermediolateral cell column is dependent on the integrity of sympathetic postganglionic neuronsGuanethidine-induced destruction of sympathetic postganglionic neurons in neonatal rats leads to transneuronal degeneration of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Using this model, we have been able to show a approximately 35% decrease in [3H]substance P ([3H]SP) binding in the intermediolateral cell column--suggesting that sympathetic preganglionic neurons possess substance P receptors. Our results show that [3H]substance P binding in the intermediolateral cell column is dependent on the integrity of sympathetic postganglionic neurons.<br />
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Brain Res. 1985 Apr 29;193-6. pii:0006-8993(85)90146-5.<br />
Reduction of [3H]substance P binding in the intermediolateral cell column after sympathectomy. Takano Y,Loewy AD<br />
<a href="https://www.gcbi.com.cn/gclib/html/pubmed/detail/2581658">https://www.gcbi.com.cn/gclib/html/pubmed/detail/2581658</a><br />
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<a href="https://archive.is/bfPLv">https://archive.is/bfPLv</a><br />
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Substance P is an important element in pain perception. The sensory function of substance P is thought to be related to the transmission of pain information into the central nervous system. Substance P coexists with the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in primary afferents that respond to painful stimulation.[16] Substance P has been associated with the regulation of mood disorders, anxiety, stress,[17] reinforcement,[18] neurogenesis,[19] respiratory rhythm,[20] neurotoxicity, nausea and emesis,[21] pain, and nociception.[22] Substance P and other sensory neuropeptides can be released from the peripheral terminals of sensory nerve fibers in the skin, muscle, and joints. It is proposed that this release is involved in neurogenic inflammation, which is a local inflammatory response to certain types of infection or injury.[23] The regulatory function of SP also involves the regulation of its high-affinity receptor, NK-1. Substance P receptor antagonists may have important therapeutic applications in the treatment of a variety of stress-related illnesses, in addition to their potential as analgesics.<br />
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-29199810599603973342015-06-15T05:04:00.001-07:002015-06-15T05:04:33.008-07:00sympathectomized subjects act but do not feel emotional<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: Arvo; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: white;">in the absence of autonomic arousal, behavior that appears emotional will not be experienced as emotional</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><br />"In the presence of a barking dog, for example, the sympathectomized cats manifested almost all of the signs of feline rage. Finally, Cannon notes the report of Dana (1921) that a patient with a spinal-cord lesion and almost totally without visceral sensation still manifested emotionality.<br />For either the Jamesian or the present formulation such data are crucial, since both views demand visceral arousal as a necessary condition for emotional arousal. When faced with this evidence, James's defenders (e.g., Wenger, 1950; Mandler, 1962) have consistently made the point that the apparently emotional behavior manifested by sympathectomizied animals and men is well-learned behavior, acquired long before sympathectomy. There is a dual implication in this position: first, that sympathetic arousal facilitates the acquisition of emotional behavior, and second, that sympathectomized subjects act but do not feel emotional. There is a small but growing evidence supporting these contentions. Wynne and Solomon (1955) have demonstrated that sympathectomized dogs acquire an avoidance response considerably more slowly than control dogs. Further, on extinction trials most of their 13 sympathectomized animals extinguished quickly, whereas not a single one of the 30 control dogs gave any indication of extinction over 200 trials. Of particular interest are two dogs who were sympathectomized after they had acquired the avoidance response. On extinction trials these two animals behaved precisely like the control dogs - giving no indication of extinction. Thus, when deprived of visceral innervation, animals are quite slow in acquiring emotionally-linked avoidance responses and in general, quick to extinguish such responses." (p. 163)<br /><br />"A line of thought stimulated by the Wynne and Solomon (1955) and the Hohmann (1962) studies may indeed be the answer to Cannon's observations that there can be emotional behavior without visceral activity. From the evidence of these studies, it would appear, first, that autonomic arousal greatly facilitates the acquisition of emotional behavior but it is not necessary for its maintenance if the behavior is acquired prior to sympathectomy; and second, that in the absence of autonomic arousal, behavior that appears emotional will not be experienced as emotional." (p. 167)</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-70269545828831008592015-05-28T00:38:00.002-07:002015-05-28T00:38:32.673-07:00Middle cerebral artery blood velocity during exercise with beta-1 adrenergic and unilateral stellate ganglion blockade in humans<div class="cit" style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.45em;">
<span role="menubar"><a abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="Acta Physiol Scand." aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10971220#" role="menuitem" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;" title="Acta physiologica Scandinavica.">Acta Physiol Scand.</a></span> 2000 Sep;170(1):33-8.</div>
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Middle cerebral artery blood velocity during exercise with beta-1 adrenergic and unilateral stellate ganglion blockade in humans.</h1>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Ide%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=10971220" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Ide K</a><span style="font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Boushel%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=10971220" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Boushel R</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=S%C3%B8rensen%20HM%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=10971220" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Sørensen HM</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Fernandes%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=10971220" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Fernandes A</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Cai%20Y%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=10971220" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Cai Y</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Pott%20F%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=10971220" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Pott F</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Secher%20NH%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=10971220" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Secher NH</a>.</div>
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<abstracttext>A reduced ability to increase cardiac output (CO) during exercise limits blood flow by vasoconstriction even in active skeletal muscle. Such a flow limitation may also take place in the brain as an increase in the transcranial Doppler determined middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA V(mean)) is attenuated during cycling with beta-1 adrenergic blockade and in patients with heart insufficiency. We studied whether sympathetic blockade at the level of the neck (0.1% lidocaine; 8 mL; n=8) affects the attenuated exercise - MCA V(mean following cardio-selective beta-1 adrenergic blockade (0.15 mg kg(-1) metoprolol i.v.) during cycling. Cardiac output determined by indocyanine green dye dilution, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and MCA V(mean) were obtained during moderate intensity cycling before and after pharmacological intervention. During control cycling the right and left MCA V(mean) increased to the same extent (11.4 +/- 1.9 vs. 11.1 +/- 1.9 cm s(-1)). With the pharmacological intervention the exercise CO (10 +/- 1 vs. 12 +/- 1 L min(-1); n=5), HR (115 +/- 4 vs. 134 +/- 4 beats min(-1)) and delta MCA V(mean) (8.7 +/- 2.2 vs. 11.4 +/- 1.9 cm s(-1) were reduced, and MAP was increased (100 +/- 5 vs. 86 +/- 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). However, sympathetic blockade at the level of the neck eliminated the beta-1 blockade induced attenuation in delta MCA V(mean) (10.2 +/- 2.5 cm s(-1)). These results indicate that a reduced ability to increase CO during exercise limits blood flow to a vital organ like the brain and that this flow limitation is likely to be by way of the sympathetic nervous system.</abstracttext></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-39880836023062701942015-05-09T19:28:00.002-07:002015-05-09T19:28:28.476-07:00Sympathectomy at the level of the T2 ganglion leads to decreased negative feedback to the hypothalamusCompensatory sweating was originally thought to be a mechanism of excessive sweating (in an anatomical region with an intact sympathetic nervous system) to maintain a constant rate of total sweat secretion.90 However, this theory was not confirmed by other studies, demonstrating that compensatory sweating represented a reflex action by an altered feedback mechanism at the level of the hypothalamus which is dependent on the level at which sympathetic denervation occurs. Sympathectomy at the level of the T2 ganglion leads to decreased negative feedback to the hypothalamus. When performing a sympathectomy at a lower level, the negative feedback to the hypothalamus is less inhibited, leading to a decrease in compensatory sweating. Chou et al.91 have proposed the term ‘reflex sweating’ to replace compensatory sweating. Other side effects described in a review article by Dumont89 are gustatory sweating, cardiac effects, phantom sweating, lung function changes, dry hands and altered taste. Besides these side effects there are significant risks of complications during and after surgery (arterial or venous vascular injury, pneumothorax, infection, Horner syndrome etc.).<br />
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JEADV 2012, 26, 1–8 Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and VenereologyUnknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-19037192906021649162015-04-26T01:29:00.002-07:002015-04-26T01:29:55.915-07:00Sympathectomy and parasympathectomy leads to the hyperfunction of the serotoninergic system and pathology<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; margin: 20px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">We studied the balance of activity of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and serotoninergic divisions of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of the heart function in rabbits. High activities of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system are associated with antagonistic interactions between them. Moderation of activity of these systems could be accompanied by activation of the serotoninergic system. Physiological sympathectomy and parasympathectomy lead to hyperfunction of the serotoninergic system and pathology.</span></h3>
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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 140, No. 5, 2005 PHYSIOLOGY<br /><br /><span style="font-size: 16.8999996185303px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Disturbances in brain </span><em style="font-weight: bold;">serotonergic systems</em><span style="font-weight: bold;"> result in a range of phenotypes such as depression, suicide and anxiety disorders</span></span>.<br /><a href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/10/50">http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/10/50</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-59978091307428987922015-04-03T17:57:00.002-07:002015-04-03T17:57:27.681-07:00Changes in cerebral capillary bed following cervical sympathectomy<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; margin: 20px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
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<span style="font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Changes in the cerebral capillary bed following cervical <b>sympathectomy</b>,' Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat., 1929, 21, 1102.</span><span style="font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Tracy J. Putnam<br /><strong>The Cerebral Circulation: Some New Points in its Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology</strong><br />J Neurol Psychopathol, Jan 1937; s1-17: 193 - 212.</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-37264618405538908202015-03-29T02:12:00.001-07:002015-03-29T02:12:13.588-07:00High plasma norepinephrine and depression<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; margin: 20px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<a href="http://sympathectomy.blogspot.com.au/2008/04/high-plasma-norepinephrine-and.html" style="color: black; font-size: 20px; text-decoration: none;">High plasma norepinephrine and depression</a></h3>
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<span class="SDtxtSmall">Copyright © 1999 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Science Inc.</span><div class="articleTitle">
<span style="font-size: 17px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Plasma norepinephrine and prediction of outcome in major depressive disorder</span></span></div>
<strong></strong><strong>Timothy G. Johnston<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-3Y0RJKC-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a88b42c007e4dcb51054a00cf6662e2d#aff1" style="color: #8b7b06; text-decoration: none;"><sup>a</sup></a>, Christopher B. Kelly<a href="" name="m4.bcor*"></a><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-3Y0RJKC-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a88b42c007e4dcb51054a00cf6662e2d#m4.cor*" style="color: #8b7b06; text-decoration: none;"><sup><img alt="Corresponding Author Contact Information" border="0" src="http://www.sciencedirect.com/scidirimg/entities/REcor.gif" style="border: none; position: relative;" /></sup></a><sup>, </sup><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-3Y0RJKC-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a88b42c007e4dcb51054a00cf6662e2d#aff1" style="color: #8b7b06; text-decoration: none;"><sup>a</sup></a>, Michael R. Stevenson<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-3Y0RJKC-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a88b42c007e4dcb51054a00cf6662e2d#aff2" style="color: #8b7b06; text-decoration: none;"><sup>b</sup></a> and Stephen J. Cooper<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-3Y0RJKC-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a88b42c007e4dcb51054a00cf6662e2d#aff1" style="color: #8b7b06; text-decoration: none;"><sup>a</sup></a> </strong><br /><a href="" name="aff1"></a><sup>a</sup> Department of Mental Health, Whitla Medical Building, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK (TGJ, CBK, SJC)<br /><a href="" name="aff2"></a><sup>b</sup> Department of Medical Statistics, Mulhouse Building, The Queen’s Unversity of Belfast, Belfast, UK (MRS)<br />Received 1 February 1999; revised 17 May 1999; accepted 21 May 1999. Available online 30 <span style="color: red;">November 1999</span>.<br /><br />
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Background: Several epidemiologic and clinical factors have been shown to predict long term outcome in major depressive disorder (MDD). The value of biological predictors has not been extensively studied. This study examined whether plasma norepinephrine may be useful in predicting outcome in MDD.<br />
Methods: Forty patients were followed up 8 years after an index major depressive episode. Three outcome variables were assessed: time to first recurrence (the primary outcome measure), the Lee and Murray criteria and the Depression Outcome Scale (DOS). The results were examined against plasma norepinephrine value, at the index episode, using survival analysis and linear regression.<br />
Results: <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">High plasma norepinephrine at the index episode was positively and significantly associated with time to first recurrence</span> for patients with nonpsychotic MDD (<i>n</i> = 31, χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.38, on 1 df, <i>p</i> < .01). Similarly, plasma norepinephrine was significantly associated with good global outcome, both using Lee and Murray criteria (<i>n</i> = 34, adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .24, <i>p</i> < .01) and DOS criteria (<i>n</i> = 31, adjusted <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = .17, <i>p</i> < .01) for this group of patients. In contrast, plasma norepinephrine was not significantly related to outcome for MDD with psychotic features.<br />
Conclusions: Plasma norepinephrine at index episode seems to be a predictor of outcome in MDD.<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-3Y0RJKC-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a88b42c007e4dcb51054a00cf6662e2d" style="color: #8b7b06; text-decoration: none;">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4S-3Y0RJKC-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=a88b42c007e4dcb51054a00cf6662e2d</a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-17975223746239598392015-02-12T23:12:00.001-08:002015-02-12T23:12:54.444-08:00cervical sympathectomy works systemically through hypothalamus endocrine system<span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; border-spacing: 2px; color: #525252; font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Geneva, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 14px;">Background: To investigate the general action of stellate ganglion block (SGB), we examined the effects of heat stimulation and cold stress on the behavior and stress hormone of the bilateral cervical sympathectomy rats as a long-term and repeated SGB model. Methods: Wistar's male rats were divided into three groups: control (C), sham operation (S) and sympathectomy (Sx) groups. After 2 weeks, two experiments were done. One was measurement of escape response time from the heat stimulus and the other was hormone measurement. Serum adreno-corticotropic hormone (ACTH), .ALPHA.-melanocyte stimulating hormone (.ALPHA.-MSH) and .BETA.-endorphine (.BETA.-END) levels were measured assigning 3 groups to 2 subgroups with and without cold stress. Results: Escape response time was significantly extended in the Sx group. ACTH in the Sx group was significantly higher than in other groups, but changes of ACTH by cold stress were similar in 3 groups. In the Sx group .ALPHA.-MSH was hardly changed by cold stress while .ALPHA.-MSH was significantly decreased in the S group. Changes of .BETA.-END by cold stress were similar in the S and Sx groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that SGB works systemically through hypothalamus endocrine system and affects stress hormone differently. (author abst.)</span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-51459671709176670042015-02-12T15:50:00.002-08:002015-02-12T15:52:00.603-08:00Limbic-cortical dysregulation: a proposed model of depression<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; margin: 20px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<a href="http://ets-effects-on-brain.blogspot.com/2011_09_01_archive.html#3314477204406416020" style="color: black; font-size: 20px; font-stretch: normal; text-decoration: none;">cognition and reward processing</a></h3>
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Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations of the interaction between cognition and reward processing have found that the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) areas are preferentially activated to both increasing cognitive demand and reward level. Conversely, ventromedial PFC (VMPFC) areas show decreased activation to the same conditions, indicating a possible reciprocal relationship between cognitive and emotional processing regions. We report an fMRI study of a rewarded working memory task, in which we further explore how the relationship between reward and cognitive processing is mediated. We not only assess the integrity of reciprocal neural connections between the lateral PFC and VMPFC brain regions in different experimental contexts but also test whether additional cortical and subcortical regions influence this relationship. Psychophysiological interaction analyses were used as a measure of functional connectivity in order to characterize the influence of both cognitive and motivational variables on connectivity between the lateral PFC and the VMPFC.<br />
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These findings provide evidence for a dynamic interplay between lateral PFC and VMPFC regions and are consistent with an emotional gating role for the VMPFC during cognitively demanding tasks. Our findings also support neuropsychological theories of mood disorders, which have long emphasized a dysfunctional relationship between emotion/motivational and cognitive processes in depression.<br />
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1480468</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-39357562292082544252015-01-13T05:02:00.000-08:002015-01-13T05:02:08.059-08:00Sympathectomy reduces emotional, stress-induced sweating indicating that it affects the stress-response<div>
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<span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: serif;">"...for reasons that are not obvious, many patients with facial hyperhidrosis and hyperhidrosis of the feet will benefit from upper thoracic sympathectomy. " </span></span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: serif;">(The Journal of Pain, Vol 1, No 4 (Winter), 2000: pp 261-264)</span></span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: serif;">"Bilateral upper thoracic sympathicolysis is followed by redistribution of body perspiration, with a clear decrease in the zones regulated by mental or emotional stimuli, and an increase in the areas regulated by environmental stimuli, though we are unable to establish the etiology of this redistribution." </span></span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: serif;">(Surg Endosc. 2007 Nov;21(11):2030-3. Epub 2007 Mar 13.) </span></span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: serif;">"Palmar hyperhidrosis of clinical severity is a hallmark physical sign of many anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and especially social phobia.4 These are increasingly well understood and highly treatable neurobiological conditions. They are mod- erately heritable hard-wired fear responses,5 and are linked to amygdalar and locus coeruleus hyper-reactivity during psycho- social stress.6,7 <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Anxiety disorder">Anxiety disorders</a> are known to be much more common among women. This is consistent with the finding of Krogstad et al. that among controls sweating was reported more often by men, while among the hyperhidrosis group sweating was reported more often among women."</span></span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: serif;">"A surgical treatment for anxiety-triggered palmar hyperhidrosis is not unlike treating tearfulness in major depression by severing the nerves to the lacrimal glands. We have recently made a similar argument advocating a psychopharmacological, rather then a surgi- cal, first-line treatment for blushing.9" </span></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 20px;"><span style="font-family: serif;">(Journal Compilation - 2006 British Association of Dermatologists - <a class="zem_slink" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2133" rel="homepage" target="_blank" title="British Journal of Dermatology">British Journal of Dermatology</a> 2006, </span></span><span style="font-family: AdvPSJOANNA; font-size: 9pt;">DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07547.x</span><span style="font-family: serif; line-height: 20px;">)</span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-9769143422413089972015-01-06T17:00:00.002-08:002015-01-06T17:00:36.762-08:00"Surgical treatment of facial blushing requires careful patient selection. The effect is a normalization of the threshold to trigger facial blushing especially in social situations."
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<span style="font-family: 'MyriadCR'; font-size: 9.000000pt;">Clin Auton Res (2003) 13 [Suppl 1] : I/26 – I/30 </span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-36958805289933777442015-01-06T04:09:00.001-08:002015-01-06T04:09:23.294-08:00"So when the sympathetic nervous system is activated,<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #676767; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">it alerts the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamus" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a>, which alerts the pituitary gland, which tells the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Adrenal gland">adrenal gland</a> (atop your kidney) to make stress chemicals. Those chemicals travel through the bloodstream and affect your whole body. In your brain, they inflame the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdala" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Amygdala">amygdala</a> (increasing the intensity of sadness, fear, and anger) and block the <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Hippocampus">hippocampus</a> from laying down memory tracks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">If these chemicals continue for any length of time, the hippocampus shrinks and the amygdala enlarges. You can see these changes on an MRI brain scan. Parts of the cortex (the gray area on the outside that does most of your thinking) are also affected, including the VMPF (ventral <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Prefrontal cortex">medial prefrontal cortex</a>), which controls emotions by calming the amygdala. Other areas in our cortex that help us speak and think coherently also can decrease in size.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">THE LONGER THE <a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_nervous_system" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Sympathetic nervous system">SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM</a> STAYS ON, THE MORE DAMAGE IT CAN DO TO YOUR BRAIN."</span></div>
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<span style="color: #676767; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 30px;"><a href="http://www.ptsdupdate.com/treatment-hyper-arousal-symptoms/">http://www.ptsdupdate.com/treatment-hyper-arousal-symptoms/</a></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-10232432009885596912015-01-04T23:08:00.001-08:002015-01-04T23:08:01.038-08:00Sympathetic system modulation to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A review of clinical evidence and neurobiologyJournal of Affective Disorders 142 (2012) 1–5<br />
<a href="http://axon.psyc.memphis.edu/~charlesblaha/7705/papers_S14/Woodward_Matt_PTSD_Neurobiology.pdf">http://axon.psyc.memphis.edu/~charlesblaha/7705/papers_S14/Woodward_Matt_PTSD_Neurobiology.pdf</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-21787599549154253972014-12-30T02:41:00.001-08:002015-01-02T19:05:14.016-08:00Peripheral, autonomic regulation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons in brain: putative implications for psychiatry and psychopharmacology<span style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">the new data seem to allow a better understanding of how autonomic vulnerability or visceral dysfunction may precipitate or aggravate mental symptoms and disorder.</span><br />
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T. H. Svensson<sup>1</sup></div>
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<tr valign="top"><td><span class="Affiliation"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7172131854766924491" name="Aff1"></a>(1)</span></td><td><span class="Affiliation">Department of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Box 60 400, S-104 01 Stockholm, Sweden</span></td></tr>
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<strong style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Received: </strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">20 June 1986 </span><strong style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Revised: </strong><span style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">25 November 1986</span><br />
<a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/100390/?p=11c1d4fc1fbd4416a3d3c0a3de284c47&pi=0" style="background-color: white; color: #8b7b06; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-decoration: none;">Psychopharmacology</a><br />
<br />
"<span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">Locus coeruleus (LC) is located in the ventrallateral side of the fourth ventricle in the pontine, most of which are noradrenergic neurons projecting to the cortex, cingulate cortex, amygdala nucleus, thalamus, hypothalamus, olfactory tubercles, hippocampus, cerebellum, and spinal cord (</span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B40" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Swanson and Hartman, 1975</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">). Norepinephrine (NE) released from the nerve terminal of LC neurons contributes to about 70% of the total extracellular NE in primates brain (</span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B38" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Svensson, 1987</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">). It plays important roles not only in arousal, attention, emotion control, and stress (reviewed in </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B1" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Aston-Jones and Cohen, 2005</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">; </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B4" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Berridge and Waterhouse, 2003</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">; </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B6" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Bouret and Sara, 2005</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">; </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B30" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Nieuwenhuis et al., 2005</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">; </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B35" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Sara and Devauges, 1989</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">; </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B41" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Valentino and Van Bockstaele, 2008</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">), but also in sensory information processing (</span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B38" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Svensson, 1987</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">). LC directly modulates the somatosensory information from the peripheral system. Under the stress condition, LC could completely inhibit the input from painful stimuli through the descending projection to the spinal cord (</span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B37" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Stahl and Briley, 2004</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">). Dys-regulations of LC neurotransmission have been suggested to be involved in physical painful symptoms, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sleep/arousal disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease (reviewed in </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B4" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Berridge and Waterhouse, 2003</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">; </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B23" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Grimbergen et al., 2009</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">; </span><a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full#B29" style="background-color: white; color: #707173; cursor: pointer; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px; outline: 0px !important; text-decoration: none;">Mehler and Purpura, 2009</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">).</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #3e3d40; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;">"</span><br />
<a href="http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full">http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnmol.2012.00029/full</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-74255274967961613612014-12-24T19:22:00.000-08:002014-12-24T19:22:41.280-08:00reduction in hypothalamic dopamine after sympathectomy, which leads to an increase in serum prolactin level<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.5;">At this point, it is particularly interesting to recall the earlier reports of middle ear bone remodeling in the gerbil after chemical sympathectomy by guanethidine sulfate (86) or hydroxydopamine (85). Although these neurotoxins do eliminate sympathetic activity, there are, in parallel, major central consequences. In particular, both treatments reduce hypothalamic dopamine, which leads to an increase in serum prolactin levels.</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white;">http://ajpendo.physiology.org/content/293/5/E1224.full<br /><br />"Again, patients admitted with any malignancy, cholecystectomy, thyroidectomy, renal disease, cardiac disease, sympathectomy, or vascular graft were eliminated as controls."<br /><br />This article reviews the evidence that neuroleptics may increase the risk of breast cancer via their effects on prolactin secretion.<br />Paul M. Schyve; Francine Smithline; Herbert Y. Meltzer<br />Neuroleptic-induced Prolactin Level Elevation and Breast Cancer: An Emerging Clinical Issue<br />Arch Gen Psychiatry, Nov 1978; 35: 1291 - 1301.<br /></span><div>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span class="st"><i>Body temperature is highly correlated with plasma prolactin in thermally stressed men<br />(78), suggesting that normal heat defense is associated with decreased central dopamine, and<br />intraventricular haloperidol produces a coordinated heat-defense response (79). These reports refute a<br />unique or essential role for central dopamine antagonism in neuroleptic malignant syndrome hyperthermia<br />and provide additional evidence that state-dependent factors are important mediators of dopamine<br />antagonist effects. </i></span>There<sup> </sup>is substantial evidence to support the hypothesis that dysregulated<sup> </sup>sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity is responsible for<sup> </sup>most, if not all, features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.<sup> </sup>A predisposition to more extreme sympathetic nervous system<sup> </sup>activation and/or dysfunction in response to emotional or psychological<sup> </sup>stress may constitute a trait vulnerability for neuroleptic<sup> </sup>malignant syndrome, which, when coupled with state variables<sup> </sup>such as acute psychic distress or dopamine receptor antagonism,<sup> </sup>produces the clinical syndrome of neuroleptic malignant syndrome.<sup> </sup>This hypothesis provides a more comprehensive explanation for<sup> </sup>existing clinical data than do the current alternatives.<br /><br />http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/156/2/169</span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-53391497619262395792014-12-07T11:22:00.001-08:002014-12-07T11:22:27.602-08:00The stellate ganglion has shown to have second and third order neurons that connect with hypothalamus, amygdala, infralimbic, insular and ventromedial temporal cortical regions"In the course of mapping the sympathetic nervous system to the related regions of the cerebral cortex, Westerhaus and Loewy used pseudorabies virus injections to identify connections of the stellate ganglion. Pseudorabies virus allows identification of neural pathway connections that are 2–3 synapses from the point of injection of the virus. In this manner, the use of pseudorabies virus injection is used to identify cortical areas connected to the stellate ganglion.<br />
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The stellate ganglion has shown to have second and third order neurons that connect with hypothalamus, amygdala, infralimbic, insular and ventromedial temporal cortical regions.<br />
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These data provides objective, anatomical support for the stellate ganglion interaction with several key structures known to modulate core body temperature, CRPS and PTSD."<br /><br />
http://flipper.diff.org/app/items/info/7052Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-64109860401105891032014-11-30T16:15:00.001-08:002014-11-30T16:15:57.298-08:00"Similar low values are observed in patients with sympathectomy and in patients with tetraplegia""Patients with progressive autonomic dysfunction (including diabetes) have little or no increase in plasma noradrenaline and this correlates with their orthostatic intolerance (Bannister, Sever and Gross, 1977). In patients with pure autonomic failure, basal levels of noradrenaline are lower than in normal subjects (Polinsky, 1988). Similar low values are observed in patients with sympathectomy and in patients with tetraplegia. (p.51)<br />
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The finger wrinkling response is abolished by upper thoracic sympathectomy. The test is also abnormal in some patients with diabetic autonomic dysfunction, the Guillan-Barre syndrome and other peripheral sympathetic dysfunction in limbs. (p.46)<br />
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Other causes of autonomic dysfunction without neurological signs include medications, acute autonomic failure, endocrine disease, surgical sympathectomy . (p.100)<br />
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Anhidrosis is the usual effect of destruction of sympathetic supply to the face. However about 35% of patients with sympathetic devervation of the face, acessory fibres (reaching the face through the trigeminal system) become hyperactive and hyperhidrosis occurs, occasionally causing the interesting phenomenon of alternating hyperhidrosis and Horner's Syndrome (Ottomo and Heimburger, 1980). (p.159)<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System<br />
By David Robertson, Italo Biaggioni<br />
Edition: illustrated<br />
Published by Informa Health Care, 1995<br />
ISBN 3718651467, 9783718651467"<br /><br />
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<a href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/pengoopmcjnbflcjbmoeodbmoflcgjlk" style="font-size: 13px;">'via Blog this'</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-36759806627393426562014-11-30T03:52:00.001-08:002014-11-30T03:52:05.389-08:00Patients with surgical sympathectomies have low plasma levels of DA and NE [49], whereas EPI:NE ratios are increased<div class="p1">
Patients with surgical sympathectomies have low plasma levels of DA and NE [49], whereas EPI:NE ratios are increased (unpublished observations), suggesting decreased sympathetically mediated exocytosis and compensatory adrenomedullary activation. </div>
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Catecholamines 101, David S. Goldstein Clin Auton Res (2010) 20:331–352</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-80254949161453892812014-11-29T04:23:00.003-08:002014-11-29T04:23:20.662-08:00Low HRV is a risk factor for pathophysiology and psychopathology<span style="color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, lucida grande, tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: #f6f7f8; font-size: 12px; line-height: 15.3599996566772px;">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18771686</span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-39248774834172282202014-11-27T21:05:00.003-08:002014-11-27T21:05:53.315-08:00"Most patients note an immediate "calming effect" once the injection is done"<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.25px;">Stellate ganglion blocks have traditionally been done for pain conditions. However, there is evidence showing some benefits for other conditions such as hyperhydrosis (excessive sweating), hot flashes, and painful conditions such as complex regional pain syndrome and atypical facial pain. The stellate ganglion is the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion that mediate sympathetic fibers, also known as the adrenaline (fight or flight) nerves. It is thought that PTSD may have sympathetically mediated pathways that are amenable to blocking this nerve structure. Most patients note an immediate "calming effect" once the injection is done. Some are even able to stop medications and have social interactions in public that they otherwise would not have been able to do.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.25px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.painhonolulu.com/services/stellate-ganglion-blocks-for-ptsd/</span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-85980764883826886592014-11-25T15:39:00.002-08:002014-11-25T15:39:57.528-08:00Stellate ganglion block alleviates anxiety, depression<div class="BodyCxSpFirst" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-bottom: 18px; position: relative; top: -2px;">
Among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder, treatment with a single stellate ganglion block could help alleviate anxiety, depression and psychological pain rapidly and for long-term use, according to results presented at the American Society for Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting.</div>
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<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/ptsd/news/online/%7B64739e56-e580-4bb8-a714-99d200337a5c%7D/experts-propose-nerve-blocks-to-treat-ptsd" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0355c2; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">Experts propose nerve blocks to treat PTSD</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/ptsd/news/online/%7B4e137bbf-4bc0-4c31-b6b2-77e83e9b09d9%7D/dsm-5-ptsd-screening-may-miss-previously-diagnosed-soldiers" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0355c2; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">DSM-5 PTSD screening may miss previously diagnosed ...</a></li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px;"><a href="http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/ptsd/news/online/%7Bf6405a66-a5bd-449e-8a4d-94b0943fd87d%7D/amygdala-activation-could-predict-ptsd-susceptibility" style="background: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0355c2; font-size: 11px; text-decoration: none;">Amygdala activation could predict PTSD susceptibility ...</a></li>
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Researchers performed a single right-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) using 7 mL of 2% lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine under fluoroscopic guidance on 12 veterans with military-related, chronic extreme post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with hyperarousal symptoms. At baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post-block, PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) score and the Post-traumatic Stress Self Report (PSS-SR) scale. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory version 2. Anxiety related symptoms with a generalized anxiety scale score and the State-Trait Anxiety Index and psychological pain with the Mee-Bunney scale.</div>
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Study results showed the block was greatly effective in 75% of participants, with a positive effects taking effect often within minutes of SGB. At week 1, there was significant reduction of both CAPS and PSS-SR and researchers found CAPS approached normal-to-mild PTSD levels by 1 month. Anxiety, depression and psychological pain scores also were significantly reduced by the block, according to study results. Overall, positive effects remained evident at 3 months, but were generally gone by 6 months.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Reference:</strong></div>
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Alkire MT. A1046. Presented at: American Society for Anesthesiologists Annual Meeting; <span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>Oct. 11-15, 2014; New Orleans.</div>
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"><a href="http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/ptsd/news/online/%7B14e0a858-100a-43b1-a0e0-47c6376cb885%7D/stellate-ganglion-block-alleviates-anxiety-depression-for-veterans-with-ptsd">http://www.healio.com/psychiatry/ptsd/news/online/%7B14e0a858-100a-43b1-a0e0-47c6376cb885%7D/stellate-ganglion-block-alleviates-anxiety-depression-for-veterans-with-ptsd</a></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-92211636138547376522014-11-22T18:34:00.001-08:002014-11-22T18:34:01.715-08:00Hemodynamic changes in vertebral and carotid arteries were observed after sympathicotomy for hyperhidrosis<span style="background-color: white; color: #141823; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;">T3 sympathicotomy segment was the most frequent transection done (95.83%), as only ablation (25%) or in association with T4 (62.50%)</span><span class="text_exposed_show" style="background-color: white; color: #141823; display: inline; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, 'lucida grande', tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px;"> or with T2 (8.33%). It was observed increase in RI and PI of the common carotid artery (p < 0.05). The DPV of internal carotid artery decreased in both sides (p < 0.05). The SPV and the DPV of the right and left vertebral arteries also increased (p < 0.05). Asymmetric findings were observed so that, arteries of the right side were the most frequently affected.<br />CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamic changes in vertebral and carotid arteries were observed after sympathicotomy for PH. SPV was the most often altered parameter, mostly in the right side arteries, meaning significant asymmetric changes in carotid and vertebral vessels. Therefore, the research findings deserve further investigations to observe if they have clinical inferences.<br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186983" rel="nofollow nofollow" style="color: #3b5998; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186983</a></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-11738783231471524122014-10-13T00:53:00.002-07:002014-10-13T00:53:24.827-07:00"this hyperhidrosis seems to be reflex, mediated neurologically in the sweating regulatory center in the hypothalamus"<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">The so called 'compensatory sweating' is NOT compensatory:</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">"When patients with intense CH are analyzed, we observe that the amount of released sweat seems to be much greater than was that occurring at the primary hyperhidrosis location, not translating a simple compensation or sweating transference from one site to the other. Therefore, this hyperhidrosis seems to be reflex, mediated neurologically in the sweating regulatory center in the hypothalamus.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">In order to avoid this neurologically mediated reflex, the sympathetic afferents to the hypothalamus should be restored, allowing negative feedback to block the efferent projection of the sweating regulatory center on the periphery.(14) Therefore, only the reinnervation of the sectioned sympathetic chain could recover this reflex."</span><br />
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<a href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1806-3713&lng=en&nrm=iso" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia</span></a></h2>
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<span style="color: #0000a0;"><em>Print version</em> ISSN </span>1806-3713</h2>
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J. bras. pneumol. vol.34 no.11 São Paulo Nov. 2008 </h3>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Roberto de Menezes Lyra<sup>I</sup>; José Ribas Milanez de Campos<sup>II</sup>; Davi Wen Wei Kang<sup>III</sup>; Marcelo de Paula Loureiro<sup>IV</sup>; Marcos Bessa Furian<sup>V</sup>; Mário Gesteira Costa<sup>VI</sup>; Marlos de Souza Coelho<sup>VII</sup></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><sup>I</sup>Thoracic Surgeon. <i>Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo</i> - HSPE/SP, São Paulo Hospital for State Civil Servants - São Paulo, Brazil<br /><sup>II</sup>Assistant Professor in the Department of Thoracic Surgery. University of São Paulo <i>Hospital das Clínicas</i>, São Paulo, Brazil<br /><sup>III</sup>Thoracic Surgeon. <i>Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</i> - HIAE - São Paulo, Brazil<br /><sup>IV</sup>General Surgeon. <i>Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças</i>, Curitiba, Brazil<br /><sup>V</sup>Thoracic Surgeon. <i>Hospital Santa Lúcia</i>, Cruz Alta, Brazil<br /><sup>VI</sup>Adjunct Professor of Surgery. University of Pernambuco School of Medical Sciences, Recife, Brazil<br /><sup>VII</sup>Adjunct Professor of Surgery. <i>Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná</i> - PUCPR, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná Curitiba, Brazil</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/search.html?searchableText=Hyperhidrosis&aliasHandle=guidelines&languageCode=en" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">http://bestpractice.bmj.com/best-practice/search.html?searchableText=Hyperhidrosis&amp;aliasHandle=guidelines&amp;languageCode=en</a></span><br />
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<a href="https://archive.today/0UXdW" style="color: #888888; text-decoration: none;">https://archive.today/0UXdW</a></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-47283278289062943082014-09-30T16:49:00.000-07:002014-09-30T16:49:45.064-07:00distinct patterns of peripheral physiological activity are associated with different emotion<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; margin: 20px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
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<span role="menubar"><a abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="Int J Psychophysiol." aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439033#" role="menuitem" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;" title="International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.">Int J Psychophysiol.</a></span> 2006 Jul;61(1):5-18. Epub 2006 Jan 24.</div>
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Basic emotions are associated with distinct patterns of cardiorespiratory activity.</h1>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Rainville%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=16439033" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Rainville P</a><span style="font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;">1</span>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bechara%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=16439033" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Bechara A</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Naqvi%20N%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=16439033" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Naqvi N</a>, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Damasio%20AR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=16439033" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; color: #660066;">Damasio AR</a>.</div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">The existence of specific somatic states associated with different emotions remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the profile of cardiorespiratory activity during the experience of fear, anger, sadness and happiness. ECG and respiratory activity was recorded in 43 healthy volunteers during the recall and experiential reliving of one or two potent emotional autobiographical episodes and a neutral episode. Univariate statistics indicated that the four emotions differed from each other and from the neutral control condition on several linear and spectral indices of cardiorespiratory activity. Dependent variables were further reduced to five physiologically meaningful factors using an exploratory principal component analysis (PCA). Multivariate analyses of variance and effect size estimates calculated on those factors confirmed the differences between the four emotion conditions. A stepwise discriminant analyses predicting emotions using the PCA factors led to a classification rate of 65.3% for the four emotions (chance=25%; p=0.001) and of 72.0-83.3% for pair-wise discrimination (chance=50%; p's<0.05). These findings may be considered preliminary in view of the small sample on which the multivariate approach has been applied. However, this study emphasizes the need to better characterize the multidimensional factors involved in cardio-respiratory regulation during emotion. These results are consistent with the notion that distinct patterns of peripheral physiological activity are associated with different emotions. </span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439033</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 17.9998016357422px;">http://books.google.com.au/books?id=Qf6-BsHA5SoC&pg=PA295&lpg=PA295&dq=distinct+patterns+of+peripheral+physiological+activity+are+associated+with+different+emotion&source=bl&ots=JCNuxgiRgf&sig=3kJK19DDICal-9xQoJCC4S0MlbI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=uUArVL6UNNXfoASRkILwAw&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=distinct%20patterns%20of%20peripheral%20physiological%20activity%20are%20associated%20with%20different%20emotion&f=false</span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7172131854766924491.post-26341533344879601772014-09-16T21:42:00.001-07:002014-09-16T21:42:11.638-07:00Depletion of peripheral sympathetic noradrenaline led to significant decrements in escape and avoidance responding<h3 class="post-title entry-title" style="background-color: white; color: #525252; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, sans-serif; margin: 20px 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18.2000007629395px;">PsycNET - Option to Buy: "Chemical sympathectomy and avoidance learning in the rat.</span></h3>
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By Di Giusto, E. L.; King, M. G.<br />Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, Vol 81(3), Dec 1972, 491-500.<br />Abstract<br />Reports results of 5 experiments with male Wistar rats (N = 108). Depletion of peripheral sympathetic noradrenaline induced by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, ip, led to significant decrements in escape and avoidance responding when the required response was difficult, but not when it was relatively easy to acquire. Results are similar to previous findings obtained with adrenal-demedullated Ss. Findings clarify the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the motivation of behavior elicited by aversive stimulation. Implications for 2-process theory and the "Kamin effect," or "learned helplessness," are discussed. (40 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)"</div>
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